Summary Of Deaf By Mark Drolsbaugh Essay - 1674 Words

Response to Deaf Again Mark Drolsbaugh’s Deaf Again book gives a detailed account of his experience with becoming deaf in both a hearing and deaf world. It includes the awkwardness and un-comfortability he felt in hearing environments, within is personal family dynamic and in deaf safe havens where he learned to adjust, and grow for the betterment of him learning ASL and in general, becoming emerged within Deaf culture. Drolsbaugh starts the book off by introducing how life for deaf people, even when giving birth, can be a struggle (due to society not being well informed on how to effectively communicate and treat Deaf individuals). Drolsbaugh’s mother, Sherry, wasn’t properly given epidural while giving birth to him, and as she made noises to best express that something was wrong, the nurse brushed it off. Once Mark was born, and Sherry got up the needle wasn’t in her back but on the bed. Looking at how communication issues can lead to negative results, throughout the rest of t he book Drolsbaugh sheds light on this phenomenon, specifically focusing on the educational environment and the interactions between and among hearing and deaf communities. Drolsbaugh started to lose his hearing when he was in first grade, and from there, pressure from society and his family kept him in hearing schools until he graduated from high school. Even as his parents were deaf, initially his hearing grandparents’ on his mother’s side of the family, kind of took over how his deaf but performing

How Has Art Affected Islam - 1325 Words

How has art affected Islam? Section A: Rational and Preliminary Research Growing up in a Muslim family I was always been told that there are no drawings or paintings of Prophet Muhammed (s.a.v) and not because it was a sin to have one, but that the Prophet (s.a.v) himself told his followers that the only one that should be worshiped was God alone and a drawing or painting of him would get in the way of that sole connection with God. Instead, I have seen very elaborate calligraphy in many mosques and even on places that are not connected with Islam, such as the Taj Mahal. Personally I have taken calligraphy and water marbling (Ebru) courses and have learned that art is Islam goes beyond the final product of the artist, the technique and†¦show more content†¦Calligraphy’s omnipresence underscores the value that is placed on language, specifically Arabic.† Is this quote it underlines what calligraphy represents and how it is intertwined with Islam. That the art form has a lot to do with the religion itself and to express the devotion o f the religion to God. As I continued reading I came across a quote that stated Islamic art was not aniconic. â€Å"One of the most common misconceptions about the art of the Islamic world is that it is aniconic; that is, the art does not contain representations of humans or animals.† Throughout my life I have never seen any Islamic drawings of humans or animals in a mosque or elsewhere. With this new information I have acquired a better knowledge of Islamic art and its effect on the arts. With this information I plan on answering â€Å"How has art affected Islam?† Section B: Plan for Study My goal for this research is to understand how art has affected Islam in mosques, cultures, decorations, and prayers over the time period since the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.v). To further develop my knowledge beyond books and websites on this topic, I plan on interviewing an Ebru master and asking him how Ebru came to be and what it represents to Muslims, if there is even a correlation between the two. For my second interview I plan on interviewing an Imam at a mosque. During the interview I want to talk about why mosques do not haveShow MoreRelatedIslam And Its Impact On The World1560 Words   |  7 PagesIslam arose in the seventh-century Arabia, a land filled with desert oasis with no cities of monumental size and sparsely inhabited by nomadic tribes. However, these people were unified under the leadership of its founder, the prophet Muhammad who lived from 570-632 A.D and proceeded with his followers to spread the infectious word of Islam and its ideals. Due to the fact that Islam accepted many different types of long-standing cultures and diverse people, it has therefore attained and formed theirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald891 Words   |  4 Pageschanges, it affected everyone in one way or another. The women were affected the most by these new radical changes, as the author states â€Å"little did I know that I would be soon given the choice of either veiling or being jailed, flogged and perhaps killed if I disobeyed† (Nafisi 152). In earlier years women were free to do as they wished. Reading The Great Gatsby showed them just how much the differences were since In the Gatsby, the women are completely different to those who follow Islam, they areRead More Religion in India Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesReligion in India What is religion? Religion has always played an important role in man’s existence. It is hard to define religion because every person has, his or her own way of defining religion. For some of us it might be a way of life, which determines what they ear, who their friends are, and it also makes up what culture they follow from day to day. For others, religion simply means going to church or temple and seeing religious festivals. India is the land of culture. This country isRead MoreA Brief History of Islam Essay545 Words   |  3 Pagesgreat western religions that through history have globally expanded throughout the world. One of those western religions is Islam. Islam was first introduced and developed on the Arabian Peninsula. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is a monotheistic religion. Islam means submission to one god. The followers of Islam are known as Muslims. One primary leader of Islam is a man named Muhammad. When an economy began to develop in the Arabian Peninsula and the city of Mecca played a majorRead MoreThemes From Chapter One of A History of God909 Words   |  4 Pagesto elaborate on two of Karen Armstrong’s themes from the first chapter of A History of God as I felt they were both very strong ideas. The first explains how cultural differences between North Africa and Europe during the Romantic Period affected white society’s failure to realize that Islam indeed worshipped the same deity. The second explains how Delacroix’s audience desired the imagery in the painting because people were, during this time, losing their concept of God. Armstrong explains the threeRead MoreIslamic Philosophy And Islamic Theory1563 Words   |  7 Pages As Jahiliyya is everywhere and affects everyone all around society, Bennett states â€Å" our whole environment, people’s beliefs and ideas, habits and arts, rules and laws is Jahiliyya, even to the extent that what we consider to be Islamic culture, Islamic sources, Islamic philosophy and Islamic thought are also constructs of Jahiliyya† (Bennett, 2005, p.200). For all Muslims to escape this, they must return to the original source, the Quran and follow the teachings that are used in the Quran. AccordingRead MoreWhy Was the Aten Revolution Usuccessful?806 Words   |  3 Pageswas not it was actually more dominant. The worship under Aten never became well-known. Most Egyptians were not affected by the revolution. They remained dedicated to their old Gods. They thought there was no need to build sanctuaries to Aten. The religious leaders considered the religious rebellion unorthodox. Many of the court supporters were not dedicated to the revolution. The art and manne rs connected with the Amarna were considered anti cultural by conservatives and was never widely acceptableRead MoreAnalysis Of Tahani Alshabeeb s The Remnants Of The Heritage 916 Words   |  4 Pagesshowing how Tahani Alshabeeb’s painting demonstrates the iconography methodology in the context of social and cultural issues related to Muslim women in the Arab region generally and in particular in the Middle East during the late 18th to the 19th century. It will also show how the viewers/audience may understand the signs and symbols that has been applied to the painting and how it can be interpreted. This essay is divided into 3 main sections. Each section is arguing a main point that has been shownRead MorePensive Bodhisattva And Korean Buddhist Art1283 Words   |  6 PagesPensive Bodhisattva and Korean Buddhist Art Our lives are closely connected with an art. People easily regard an artwork as something that is far from our lives, but it is always around us. Now, I would like to introduce one of Buddhist artworks of Korea. The title is Pensive Bodhisattva. The artist is unknown. However, it was made in mid-7th century during the Three Kingdom Period. The dimension of this artwork is 8 7/8-inch and the medium is gilt bronze. It is located in Gallery 233 among otherRead More World History Argumentative Paper- Religion’s Effect on Society1072 Words   |  5 Pages From the start of civilization, religion has played a crucial role in the development of most societies. The proof of its influence is evident in the way daily life was carried out. Religion had the power to affect everything from social status to common law, thus dominating a large portion of the culture. In ancient Egyptian, Islamic, and Indian society, religion had the capacity to establish how the average person would condu ct their daily life. In the area surrounding the Nile River, there

Bullying In the Schools Free Essays

In the past, these actions could be better controlled because they were limited to face-to-face interactions. In recent years, this age-old conflict has matched the pace of technological evolutions; making it more dangerous and harder to contain. Cell phones, social media sites, chat rooms, and other forms of technology have allowed bullying to expand into cyberspace. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying In the Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now This new form of bullying is known as accessibility. The word â€Å"bully’ can be traced back as far as the sass’s (Hindu Patching, 2009). In its most basic form, bullying involves two people, a bully or intimidator and a victim. The bully abuses the victim through physical, verbal, or other means in order to gain a sense of superiority or power. These actions may be direct (I. E. Hitting, verbally assaulting face-to-face, etc. ) or indirect (I. E. Rumors, gossip). There is no clear cut reason why children become a bully, but some evidence shows that they tend to be involved in alcohol consumption and smoking, have poorer academic records than involved students, display a strong need for dominance, and show little empathy for their victims (Roberts Imports, 2000). Bullying may be means of increasing one’s own social status (Pipelining, 2001). A strong correlation appears to exist between bullying other students during the school years and experiencing legal or criminal troubles as adults (Pigskin, 2002). Bullying tends to peak in middle school because this is when kids start to physically develop and become more aware of their differences (Pomeranian Beer, 2013). Cliques begin to take shape and a social system develops that lays heavily on the desire of adolescents to fit in. Bullying usually occurs in the presence of peers, who can adopt a variety of roles, such as remaining neutral during a bullying incident, assisting and encouraging the bully, or aiding or consoling the victim (unfortunately the latter role is rarely adopted by children). The action of peers in the vicinity of bullying incidents typically support the bullying behavior rather than stop it (Sutton Smith, 1999). Most children do not want to intervene, being afraid they might be the next target Pigskin, 2002). The impact of being bullied can leave a devastating affect lasting into adulthood. Children and adolescents being bullied tend to have lower academic grades and low self-esteem. The extreme scones ounces are suicidal thoughts or thoughts of violent revenge. While grade school children tend to rely on parents and teachers for support, junior and high school children tend to leave them out and rely more of the support of their friends (Subtotals, 180). This makes it especially difficult to intervene, not knowing here is such an incident. Usually intervention comes too later when a child has decided to take his/her own life or take a weapon to school to prove they are a victim no more. Media attention has made this epidemic a national crisis. Parents and school officials are calling for law-makers to take action to deter or punish bullying. In order to control and prevent this in schools or in cyberspace, bullying should first be acknowledged as a significant and pervasive problem, and secondly school-based intervention programs need to be developed. How to cite Bullying In the Schools, Papers

Proposed Point of Sale Information System Essay Sample free essay sample

General AimsThis system aims to make and plan a Point of Sale and Inventory System that is efficient and dependable by increasing information coverage truth. Specific Aims1. To do every dealing easier. secured and profligate. 2. To plan the user interface and place all the necessary inputs. end products and procedures for the new Point of Sale and Inventory System. 3. To concentrate machine-controlled stock list and gross revenues studies. 4. To develop the new Point of Sale and Inventory System coding. 5. To measure the Point of Sale and Inventory System in order to find whether Point of Sale and Inventory System operates decently and present end products. 6. To keep and heighten the system. Deliverable* A wholly working monitoring system* Documentation* User’s Manual* System Training Undertaking Benefits1. Minimize the manual day of the month processing and minimise machine-controlled dealing within the merchandize. 2. Reduce mistakes and waste3. Reduce clip cost.4. Control the money. Undertaking DescriptionThe undertaking squad is presently developing a Point of Sale and Inventory System. The undertaking squad is garnering information through interview and observation. Based on this information. user demands are identified. Development scheme is the program. For about six ( 6 ) months. the squad is determined to complete the system. In order to prove the system’s informations and facilitate system development. The undertaking squad shall carry on uninterrupted informations assemblage and shall measure package and certification development exhaustively. This monitoring system will be maintained with in 1year by the squad. The undertaking squad shall carry on preparation to back up the terminal users system use and troubleshooting. Technical DescriptionPoint of Sale and Inventory System is composed of Maintenance System and Transaction System intended for Point of Sale and Inventory System. Maintenance includes specialised individuals to keep the Point of Sale and Inventory System. Transaction includes forum. stock list and day-to-day gross revenues studies. Scheme of Execution* Organize undertaking squad* Create undertaking proposal* Data Accumulate A ; Analysis* Determining inputs. end products and procedures for the system* Planing the user interface* System coding* Assessment of the system* System care Undertaking DurationThe squad will get down in the 3rd hebdomad of the 2nd semester of S. Y. 2013-2014 and should be expected to be completed in March 2014 and to be implemented on April 2014. Hardware Needed* Computer Set and peripherals* Receipt Printer Software Needed* Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0* Microsoft Access 2007 Particular Skills* Proficient in Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. Knowing in Microsoft Office Access. Scheduled ActivityActivity| Duration|Organization Project Team| 1 week|Making Project Proposal| 1 week|Data Accumulate and Analysis| 2 months|Planing user interface| 2 months|Determining inputs. end products A ; processes for the system| 3 months| System Implementation| 3 months|Testing of the system| 3 months|System Maintenance| 1 year|System Upgrade| optional| Proposed BudgetForcesAllowanceSystem AnalystMa. Kristine Jane LambanPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Lead Database Designer/ Programmer Leary John H. TambagahanPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Lead Interface Designer/Asst. Programmer Ramy HindapPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Lead Documenter /Researcher Ma. Lucille SantillanPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Asst. Interface Designer /Asst. Research worker Sharmen OnidoPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Asst. Documenter /Asst. Research worker Amie TamboongPhp. 1. 000 allowance / month @ 4 monthsPhp. 4. 000. 00s Sub Total Php. 28. 000. 00s SofwarePoint of Sale and Inventory System Php. 15. 000. 00s Sub Total Php. 15. 000. 00s ConsultationUndertaking ConsultantMr. Aldwin AlojipanPhp. 500 Allowance/month @ 4 months Php. 2. 000. 00s Ms. Merly IgnacioPhp. 500 Allowance/month @ 4 months Php. 2. 000. 00sSub Total Php. 4. 000. 00s OperationssSoftware Manual Php. 2. 000. 00s Training Php. 5. 000. 00s Sub Total Php. 7. 000. 00s Undertaking Total Expenses Php. 54. 000. 00s ForcesRequirements analyst will as affair between the client and the package development squad. Indentify the necessary inputs. end products. and processes for the system.The coder is the 1 who write the series of instructions and codifications for the computing machine to execute the specified undertakings.Software examiner will administrate the freshly develop package. It will look for any mistakes and farther sweetening of the system and be given to the demands of the donees. Documentation specializer. paperss everything that goes with the system development from system be aftering to its execution. document specializer records every mileposts. SoftwarePoint of Sale and Inventory System Consultation* Evaluates the package and certification exhaustively.* Recommends system sweetening.* Develops undertaking schemes to guarantee successful bringing. Operation* User’s Manual shall include the compiled certification and direction for system use. * Training shall be conducted to implement the proper usage and manage of the system. * Software care is free of charge within the specified continuance of contract.

10 High Paying Entry Level Construction Jobs (No Degree Required)

10 High Paying Entry Level Construction Jobs (No Degree Required) Want to work a job in construction, but don’t have your college degree? If this is you, then you can get very satisfying work that you may find quite rewarding, albeit physically demanding. Here are the 10 highest paying entry level construction jobs that only require a high school diploma. Some of these jobs might even hire you with just a GED. Construction work is actually higher paid than most jobs that don’t require a college education. So go ahead, make some money.1. Solar voltaic installationThe median pay is just over $40k or so per year. This technology- installing solar panels on roofs and structures- will only get more popular, and jobs more plentiful.2. CarpentryAn oldie but a goodie. Median pay is just under $41k per year to do this classic construction work framing and finishing buildings and other structures.3.  Equipment operationMedian pay for this is just under $43k per year. This heavy machinery is very dangerous to operate, so you make a bit more. B ut if you have the necessary skills and training, go for it.4. Sheet metal workMedian pay for sheet metal work is just above $45k per year. If metal is your medium, this work might be for you.5. IronworkMake median pay of just over $45k per year working with iron and structural steel.6. Plumbing, pipefitting, steamfittingMedian pay for this line of work is upwards of $50k per year, and can cover piping needs for waste, water, gas lines, etc.7. ElectricalElectricians make upwards of $51k per year in median pay. If wiring and lighting are strong points for you, this is a lucrative gig.8.  InspectingConstruction and building inspectors make a median wage of over $56k per year, and are a crucial part of making sure that codes are being followed to the letter.9. BoilermakingBoilermakers can pull in just under $60k per year in median pay installing and repairing boilers and other systems that handle gases and liquids.10. Elevator installation and repairLiterally rise to the top, with a median annual salary over $78k. It’s the highest paid construction gig around, and worth getting in at the ground floor†¦ so to speak.

Pot Tending Machine Essays

Pot Tending Machine Essays Pot Tending Machine Essay Pot Tending Machine Essay resulting in voltage shake. Iv) Improper Anode Covering- This causes anode burning and drop outs.The dally production of metal In the pot room Is 2-2. 4 tons approximately. I Norte, tenure Is a need to nave a magnetic Ana tamale Dalliance, metal pad stability and to prevent extra heat loss due to high metal level. For this purpose, tapping is performed using a 16 ton capacity nonmagnetic hook which maintains an optimum bath level limiting the cooling tendency of pot. 16 MAT Tapping trolley Firstly, the pouring spout is closed with an asbestos ring. The tapping hose pipe goes into the venture. The tapping hole is made bigger or skimming is done to scoop out coke or lose carbon dust using a preheated carbon scoop. Around 3 ladles, again preheated to avoid explosion with moisture, are used with a tare weight of not more than 8000 keg. The siphon of the ladle is placed into the tapping hole and the air valve is opened to start the tapping operation. The final weight of the ladle must not exceed the desired weight by more than 20 kegs. After tapping; the ladle is placed on Mats for transport. A pot controller keeps a check on the tapping process based on he voltage increasing trend. If the voltage detected is higher than 80 NV, the primary anode is lowered automatically for about 0. 8 seconds. This helps in maintaining the anode cathode distance constant, when metal level falls during tapping. Further if anode effect occurs, tapping is put to a halt till the termination of anode effect. If the voltage deviation between expected voltage and the voltage detected in continuous 3 min after aluminum tapping starts is less than numb or total time of anode lowering is less than cosec, automatic aluminum tapping control exit function is activated. The final metal tapping amount depends on pot temperature, metal height, bath height, and Creosote ratio and noise level within the pot. Other factors controlling the tapping amount are voltage shake, anode effects and other abnormalities. BEAM RAISING: As already mentioned, the anode beam gets consumed eventually and has a total traveling distance of only 40 SMS, it needs to be raised to maintain a constant anode and cathode distance of 4. 5 SMS. Beam raising employs two auxiliary hooks of 16 tons capacity each for carrying the beam raising Gig. All through this, a hose reel coming out of APT gives a compressed IR supply to the beam raising assembly for maintaining a recommended pressure of 6 bars. Each anode rod is inserted into the green legs of Gig frame and the hooks are left loose so that whole frame rests on superstructure of pot . A wrench is lowered until the tool is completely on the spindle of the anode clamp . So now, the clamps are loosened and there is a horizontal beam raising ensuring pot voltage does not exceed 200 NV. When the beam rises to the required point, all the clamps are tightened, anode rods are released, Gig frame moves to a clear position above the pot ND the same operation goes on in next half of the pot.

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Cloud Computing - Essay Example The flipside of the application lies in its precarious state of security. Being accessible to a number of users and within any locality, cloud computing is highly insecure and the fear of interception, loss or unauthorized access of data exists. A SWOT analysis reveals the advantages that cloud computing offers to institutions and businesses organizations keen in embracing convenient and fast methods of data storage and accessibility while at the same time showing the mundane flaws involved. Chief among the strengths of cloud computing is the ability to integrate a number of applications into one system and offer the user a single product able to offer various services. This could be equated to an omnibus that carries various passengers and conveniently drops each one at his destination. The technology substantially reduces the costs incurred in investment. While the technology demands that the university pay close to seven thousand dollars, the other option of self investment would cost universities about three hundred thousand dollars. Other strengths are the mobility which essentially allows access of the data from any locality and the expanded memory capacity as its RAM is larger. This boils down to the availability of more space for institutions to store their ever increasing data (Beard). Cloud computing comes with inherent weaknesses. Ideally, any organization that decides to adopt cloud computing technology must inevitably adjust their models. A business organization for instance must adjust the business model in tandem with the cloud computing technology. This is synonymous to an overhaul and could be expensive especially for large organizations which already have established cultures. The biggest weakness in cloud computing, however, lies in the security of the technology. The technology being an amalgamation of various institutional applications in a remote

White Noise and Movie, Revolutionary Road(dir. Sam Mendes)2008 Essay

White Noise and Movie, Revolutionary Road(dir. Sam Mendes)2008 - Essay Example Each of these themes is used to create a question of the family life and the identity that is a part of this. More specifically, both authors show that the illusions that are a part of white suburbia create problems and complications of living life, specifically because of the desire to reach the American dream. One of the main focuses of both the novel and movie that are presented is the idea of family life. However, each of these presents an illusion of what it means to life in a middle class, white family as a part of suburbia. In both works, there is an ideal that the family life and suburbia is able to create a picture perfect representation of the American dream. For instance, at the beginning of White Noise, the author states â€Å"The well – made faces and wry looks. They feel a sense of renewal, of communal recognition. The women crisp and alert, in diet trim, knowing people’s names. Their husbands content to measure out the time, distant but ungrudging, accomplished in parenthood, something about them suggesting massive insurance coverage† (DeLillo, 3). This opening statement is a presentation of the American white family that lives in suburbia and keeps up a specific impression about family life. In this statement, the author creates an understanding of the identity of suburbia, consumerism that is at the center of the family and the representation of family life. While this particular ideal is set in both the movie and the book, there is also a question of the truth of this identity. The American dream that is pictured in both the book and the movie becomes problematic when the family life is led to illusions that have an undertone of problems. In White Noise this is presented by the husband, Jack, who has been married five times with several children. The main problem arises when the illusion of suburbia and the American dream can no longer present real life.

Media Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Analysis - Research Paper Example This essay aims to provide a timeline of important events and to describe and analyze three media artifacts that covered the Beslan school hostage crisis: 1) Peter Baker and Susan B. Glasser (2004)’s newspaper article that has an online version; 2) 48 Hours of CBS News’ video clip of the negotiation and release of some hostages; and 3) David Satter (2009)’s commentary, five years after the hostage incident. These media artifacts demonstrate some differences in how they labeled the hostage takers and similarities in their emotional rendering of the events, while one of them underscored that the blame of the crisis’ mishandling should be placed solely on the shoulders of the Russian government. Timeline of the Beslan Hostage Crisis On September 1, 2004, at around 5:30 am, a group of hostage takers seized Beslan’s School No. 1 and took hundreds of students, teachers, and parents as hostages. They exchanged fires with the police during that morning. Bak er and Glasser (2004) described the hostage takers as â€Å"guerillas† or â€Å"fighters,† from Chechnya and other nations, while the Russian government called them â€Å"terrorists† (p.1). ... On Friday, September 3, 2004, hostage takers allowed emergencies ministry workers to approach the dead bodies of some hostages who were lying in front of the school. At the same time, two hours before the bloody battle between the guerillas and the government’s troops, the president of North Ossetia, Alexander Dzasokhov, and another politician called Chechen leader Akhmed Zakayev in London. Zakayev, who stood for Aslan Maskhadov, the Chechen separatist leader and deposed president, said that they wanted Maskhadov’s help in negotiating with the guerillas because their demands were related to the Chechnya conflict (Baker & Glasser, 2004, p.2). Maskhadov was prepared to meet the rebels for the release of the hostages and the discussion of the latter’s demands. However, at around 10 to 10:30 AM, two explosions were heard inside the school. The news differed on what caused these explosions, although the ultimate result was the collapse of the gym’s roof, where most of the hostages were, the running away of hostages as shootings ensued, the attack of the Special Forces on the gym, and the subsequent battle between the army and the rebels (Baker & Glasser, 2004, p.2; The Guardian, 2004). Fighting occurred until evening, but ended at around 8 PM. On the dawn of September 4, President Vladimir Putin visited some of the wounded victims (The Guardian, 2004). Analysis of Media Coverage The first media artifact to be analyzed is the print news article (available online) written by Baker and Glasser (2004). The media sample matters because it provides vital information about the hostage crisis and it shows the difference between news language and political language. In terms of sources, Baker and Glasser (2004) relied on themselves as eyewitnesses, law

Virtual Reality And Its Impact On Society Information Technology Essay

Virtual Reality And Its Impact On Society Information Technology Essay Technology has transformed peoples perception of the world by either creating new environments for them to traverse, or by providing them passage to corners of the earth they will never otherwise visit in their entire lifetimes. Virtual reality, briefly defined as an environment that is computer-simulated, has transcended social and geographical barriers ever since its applications have been increasingly used by everyday people. Whereas before it was limited only to labyrinth and high-cost applications availed of by expert users, virtual reality has now broadened its breadth to encompass the general public which optimizes the Internet to configure, share and create virtual communities benefitting society in the areas of education, law enforcement, medicine and industries. Defining Virtual Reality Virtual reality is an environment which is computer-simulated, and the simulation could be that of an imaginary world, or a real one (Gajera, n.d.). Virtual reality environments are mainly three-dimensional visual experiences that are displayed either on a screener through special or stereoscopic displays, and enhanced by sensory information such as sounds that emanate from headphones or speakers (Gajera, n.d., p. 3). There are modern applications that provide force feedback or tactile information, which are generally used for gaming and medical applications. To experience this, multi-modal devices such as the omni directional treadmill, the Polhemus boom arm, or a wired glove is used, as in Figure 1 at Appendix Page (Gajera, n.d.). Michael R. Heim, in his book entitled, The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality, has named seven applications of virtual reality: network communication, full-body immersion, telepresence, immersion, artificiality, interaction and simulation (Gajera, n.d.). In light of these, a virtual environment may be defined as a digital space in which a users activities are monitored, and his or her surroundings rendered, or digitally composed and displayed to the senses, in accordance with those activities (Fox, Arena and Bailenson, 2009, p. 95). According to Jesse Fox, Dylan Arena, and Jeremy N. Bailenson, the critical element of the most fascinating virtual reality experiences is the hindering real, sensory impressions; a users senses are engaged in the virtual world, with the body consigned to a reality engine, as in Figure 1 at Appendix Page (Fox, Arena and Bailenson, 2009, p. 95). Technically, the virtual reality system uses both software and hardware which allow developers to produce virtual reality systems (Riva, 2009). The hardware elements receive inputs coming from devices that are manipulated by the user, and sends multi-sensory output to generate an imagery of a virtual world (Riva, 2009, p. 337). Meanwhile, the software element of a virtual reality system does not really create the virtual world. Rather, there is a separate software which projects the virtual world through the use of the virtual reality software system (Riva, 2009, p. 337). Hence, a virtual reality system is made up of a graphic rendering system, a database construction and virtual object modeling software (337), and the input and output tools (Riva, 2009). The Impact of Virtual Reality on Society Virtual Reality has taken the world by storm, and is now tagged as the next dominant technological development. In the same way as the Internet, virtual reality was created for a specific purpose but modern technology has made it more versatile. At first, virtual reality was conceptualized as a new medium of entertainment; but as time passed, it has found more useful uses from providing online education, to applications in the medical field and giving hope to people with terminal diseases. Currently, virtual reality is used in (i) businesses, specifically in the presentation of graphs and charts, (ii) industries like the automotive industrys manufacturing arm, (iii) military for simulations and training, (iv) medical field for treatments of various ailments and disorders, and (v) education, specifically in laboratories, online education and virtual museums (Fortune City, 2010). It is foreseen that in the future, virtual reality will further enhance training at medical schools, comme rcial airlines, the Air Force, and will even be utilized by clothing manufacturers in the form of virtual reality shopping (Fortune City, 2010). Education Educators and scientists have joined forces all throughout the U.S. to establish virtual reality education to students and teachers alike, through the use of head-mounted displays (HMD), Immersawalls, ImmersaDesks and Cave Automated Virtual Environments (CAVEs), see Figure 3 at Appendix Page (Rusch, Sherman and Thakkar, 2002, p. 205). CAVE has a standard size of 10 x 10 x 10 space and has a floor, ceiling and three walls. Students utilizing this system don stereographic glasses which intensify images, and use a CAVE wand to assist that user as, i.e., molecule, or pedestrian, or fish, in navigating the virtual environment (Rusch, Sherman and Thakkar, 2002, p. 205). This is just a birds eye view of the role that virtual reality will play in education. Despite the fact that there are a good number of educational applications of virtual reality being availed of in the U.S. these days, the development of virtual reality has not yet achieved its maximum potential in the classroom (Rusch, Sherman and Thakkar, 2002, p. 205). The field of Career Technical Education has begun to benefit from virtual reality. Students can explore operating rooms, submarines, a prototype car, airplane cockpits, biotech laboratories, crime scenes and agricultural farms without having to travel, through the use of virtual reality (Ausburn and Ausburn, 2008). Again, through the use of CAVEs and HMDs, students are provided with three-dimensional simulations to give them a sense of being there' (Ausburn and Ausburn, 2008, p. 43). A good number of careers necessitate learning that will allow individuals to safely carry out their tasks amid dangerous circumstances. Because virtual reality is supremely realistic, it enables the student to benefit from active involvement with accurate and intricate visual scenes (Ausburn and Ausburn, 2008). Hence, training programs utilize virtual reality for railway and mining operations, dangerous driving scenarios, handling of hazardous materials, nuclear energy, marine exploration, space and aviation exploration, emergency medical operations, firefighting, military and law enforcement (Ausburn and Ausburn, 2008). The aim of these training programs is to teach students how to efficiently and effectively respond under high-cost, high-risk and complex circumstances, without damaging equipment and endangering personnel while still at training. Educational programs for courses like spray painting, bio-technology, aircraft maintenance, crime scene investigation and forensics, (44) engineering, dentistry, surgical technology and welding also benefit from virtual technology. Because the technology is still fairly new, CAVEs are expensive to avail of. Moreover, it is also expensive to implement and sustain, because of the specialized skills that are needed to set it up and maintain it. Nevertheless, as technology continues to evolve, there is much promise for virtual reality systems that may be used through laptops or desktops, utilizing special software that are based on JAVA, Flash and QuickTime technologies (Ausburn and Ausburn, 2008). Figure 4 illustrates how virtual reality may be accessed from a web system (Ottoson and Holmdahl, 2007). Because of the benefits offered by virtual reality technologies, there is a high degree of enthusiasm surrounding it in the world of the academe. Figure 5 summarizes the benefits of virtual reality in education. Law Enforcement Taking its cue from the September 11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. has been innovating on taking protective measures preserve the security of its citizenry. One effective way of doing this is through the use virtual reality for training and intelligence gathering purposes. The U.S. intelligence community has been using virtual reality to simulate actual battlefields in the future, utilizing cyber weapons for initiating attacks against terrorists and other potential adversaries (Wilson, 2008, p. 4). Military use of virtual technology is efficient and effective in training personnel manage better under potentially risky scenarios. Participants utilize avatars in virtual environments that simulate, i.e., a checkpoint in Iraq, or a New York subway tunnel subjected to terroristic chemical attacks (Wilson, 2008). The downside is that a study conducted in 2007 showed that American firms are not ready to take the lead in embracing Web 2.0 technology which is the foundation of virtual technology in the years to come. The leaders in this area are (i) India, with plans of escalating their virtual reality investments by 80%, (ii) Asia-Pacific companies, by 69%, (iii) European companies, by 65%, (iv) Chinese companies, by 64%, (v) North American companies, by 64%, and (v) Latin American companies, by 62% (Wilson, 2008, p. 4). Number one in the list, India, has been showing a strong economic presence in the global markets. Figure 6 indicates its industry production forecast until 2012 (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2010). The implication here is whether the U.S. can protect its citizens if its virtual reality servers and communication systems were operated by another country very much possible, by an enemy nation. Under wraps in the virtual reality program of the military is Sentient Worldwide Simulation, which will depict mass casualty events, that not only need military action but medical interventions as well. Hence, this program includes virtual reality hospital rooms that emulate military and civilian facilities, populated by avatars representing victims, casualties, nurses, the National Coast Guard and other first responders. Other training simulation modules are Urban Resolve, for urban war fighting in Baghdad in the year 2015, with over two million simulated objects (Wilson, 2008, p. 5). In addition to this, Noble Resolve is being developed, which is a training exercise covering homeland security scenarios in the event of a terroristic attack (Wilson, 2008, p. 5). Meanwhile, police unites utilize virtual reality programs such as the Meggitt Training System which teaches basic firearms skills and responses in both shoot/dont shoot decision making (Griffith, 2009). The Los Angeles Police Department uses the IES Milo System; the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority Police Department uses the Advanced Interactive Systems; and, the Phelps County Sheriffs Department uses the IVR-300. Most of these systems permit multiple students in the virtual environment (Griffith, 2009). Medicine Techniques in virtual reality are increasingly being utilized in medical education, treatment and diagnosis (Yellowlees, 2009). Early adoptions of virtual reality in the field of medicine pertained to representation of intricate data emanating from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) (Yellowlees, 2009). Recently, virtual reality has been applied to virtual colonoscopy in which information from contrast enhanced abdominal CT scan is utilized to present a fly-through of the colon which is then used for screening for colon cancer (Yellowlees, 2009). Phobias and post-traumatic stress disorders are also being treated now using virtual reality, Figures 7 and 8 illustrate virtual environments for the treatment of agoraphobia (Cà ¡rdenas, Munoz, Gonzà ¡lez, and Uribarren, 2006). In particular, training for medical students are enhanced by the use of a virtual psychosis environment, wherein they have the opportunity to experience visual and auditory hallucinations of schizophrenic patients (Yellowlees, 2009). As mentioned earlier, indispensable training may be provided by virtual reality for mass casualty, as well as for disaster response and medical emergencies. Although it has been found out that the use of standardized patients for training such as these were more effective because of the realism element, virtual reality simulations were more cost-effective, it was also advantageous in the sense that the simulations may be repeated unlimitedly, so that skills may be practiced and mastered (Yellowlees, 2009). Virtual reality has been used in other areas of medicine like in chemotherapy distraction intervention, providing leisure time opportunities for people with intellectual and physical disabilities, brain damage rehabilitation for stroke victims, smoking cessation, physical therapy, autism, mental retardation and other relevant areas. Business Marketing efforts for businesses have been greatly enhanced by virtual reality. Business owners can now advertise their products over various multi-media, and depict a 360-degree image of products that they are manufacturing, marketing and selling. Websites have been high-tech critical missions for Top 500 companies, triggering a competition on virtual reality advertising (Kassaye, 2006). Figure 9 depicts a chart tracing these new breed of competitors and how they fare through their communication objectives (Kassaye, 2006). Meanwhile, virtual reality is also useful for the manufacturing process, because layout planning for assembly systems and machines require more data than the basis geometry (Okulicz, 2004). Moreover, 3D CAD Systems are not effective for plotting out production processes, and virtual reality has no restrictions as the two aforementioned processes (Okulicz,2004). In addition to this, virtual reality provides semi-immersive and/or interactive immersive visualization that is essential for the visual estimation of each manufacturing process (Okulicz, 2004). With some slight overlap with the aforementioned field of Education, virtual reality platforms are valuable in training and education for businesses. For instance, developing, testing and operating sophisticated machinery and fixing it under tight tire pressure when it malfunctions are some skills that employees in the industries have to master (Blumel, Termath and Haase, 2009). Companies benefit from investing in learning platforms like the Fraunhoffer IFF Learning Platform which utilizes virtual reality in customizing training modules to suit its end users levels of knowledge through configuration (Blumel, Termath and Haase, 2009). Virtual Reality in the field of business encompasses a much broader scope, and development in this area is anticipated to be quick and impressive. Conclusion People have benefited from virtual reality in more ways than one, attesting to the fact that the it has positively impacted society in general. Education has been enhanced by virtual reality, and students have been provided a new dimension of learning that prepares them for their chosen careers more efficiently. Meanwhile, security measures being adopted by the government have been highlighted with modern technology, especially virtual reality. Police and military forces can now be trained for highly-dangerous scenarios, without actually exposing them to great risks. On the other hand, the medical field has furthered its growth due to the advent of virtual reality. Of the advantages of virtual reality, this is one of the most significant because of its potential in asisting scientists discover life-saving technologies and techniques. Lastly, business enterprises also benefit from virtual technology, to enable organizations to compete more in international markets. Virtual reality has a long way to go, and more benefits are anticipated for humankind. IRTUAL REALITY 8 Appendix Page Figure 1 Virtual Reality (Images from Google) VIRTUAL REALITY 9 Figure 2 Virtual Environment (Gajera, n.d.) VIRTUAL REALITY 10 Figure 3 Virtual Reality in Education (Rusch, Sherman Thakkar, 2002) Figure 4 Virtual Reality and the Web System (Ottoson and Holmdahl, 2007) VIRTUAL REALITY 11 Figure 5 Benefits of Virtual Reality in Education (Blumel and Hasse, 2009) VIRTUAL REALITY 12 Figure 6 Industry Performance History and Forecast, India (Economic Intelligence Unit, 2010) Forecast summary (% unless otherwise indicated) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Real GDP growth 8.8 8.6 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 Industrial production growth 10.9 8.4 9 8 7.9 7.9 Unemployment rate (av) 10.8 10.6 10.6 10.4 10.1 9.7 Consumer price inflation (av) 11.7 6.5 5.2 5.2 5.9 5.6 Consumer price inflation (end-period) 7.4 5.8 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.5 Short-term interbank rate 12.4 13.4 13.5 13.2 13.2 13.2 Govt balance (% of GDP) -5.5 -5.3 -5 -4.3 -4.1 -3.5 Exports of goods fob (US$ bn) 208.3 231.6 257.9 291.4 328.9 371.3 Imports of goods fob (US$ bn) -334.9 -373.7 -429.2 -498.6 -578.9 -677.4 Current-account balance (US$ bn) -32.5 -36.8 -42.7 -50.5 -51.1 -55.2 Current-account balance (% of GDP) -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -2.1 -1.8 -1.7 Total foreign debt (year-end; US$ bn) 237.9 256.9 280.4 308.5 337.9 367.4 Exchange rate Rs:US$ (av) 46.14 46.53 45.43 44.1 43.1 42 Exchange rate Rs:US$ (end-period) 46.34 45.98 44.77 43.6 42.55 41.45 Exchange rate Rs: ¥100 (av) 49.24 52.73 51.77 50.84 50.12 48.84 Exchange rate Rs:à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ (av) 64.28 60.12 54.06 50.72 49.13 47.88 (c) Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 VIRTUAL REALITY 13 Figure 7 Virtual Environment No. 1 for Agoraphobia (Cà ¡rdenas, et al., 2006) Figure 8 virtual environment number 2 for agoraphobia VIRTUAL REALITY 14 Figure 9 New Breed of Competitors Using Virtual Reality (Kassaye, 2006). VIRTUAL REALITY 15

Teen pregnancy Essay -- Social Issues, Sex Education, health

There are many risks that teenagers take when they decide to have a child at a young age. The baby, as well as the parents, may face long-time problems from the pregnancy. These problems may include school failure, poverty, and physical or mental illness. Babies born to teenagers are at greater risk for neglect and abuse than those of a woman. Teenage mothers may feel like they are being demanded to do the job and they may take their frustration out on the child (When 2000). It is proven that traditional approaches to reducing teenage pregnancy rates such as sex education class or better sexual health services are not effective on their own. (DiCenso. 2004) This research has generated increased interest in the effects of interventions that target the social disadvantage associated with early pregnancy and parenthood. A social disadvantage refers to social and economic difficulties such as poverty, unemployment, and discrimination, and is distributed unequally on the basis of soc io-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, socio-economic position, educational level, and place of residence. (Anand, 2006) Being a teen parent not only affects the parent but it also affects the child. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the country's high rate of teen pregnanci... ...ncouraged to finish school if at all possible. This will increase the chances of obtaining a good paying job. There are programs that help teenage mothers complete their curriculum and obtain their diploma such as home bound teaching, and online courses. It is also important for parents and community support to encourage these teens to set realistic goals for their life and give them something to look forward to. It is important for them to know that this is not the end of the world and that they can make it and go far with the love and support of their family. So many teens fall by the wayside because their families give up on them. This is one of the worst things that can be done to them. They are already afraid and feeling alone and when their support system pulls out from under them that can cause major problems for them and possibly the baby as well. Teen pregnancy Essay -- Social Issues, Sex Education, health There are many risks that teenagers take when they decide to have a child at a young age. The baby, as well as the parents, may face long-time problems from the pregnancy. These problems may include school failure, poverty, and physical or mental illness. Babies born to teenagers are at greater risk for neglect and abuse than those of a woman. Teenage mothers may feel like they are being demanded to do the job and they may take their frustration out on the child (When 2000). It is proven that traditional approaches to reducing teenage pregnancy rates such as sex education class or better sexual health services are not effective on their own. (DiCenso. 2004) This research has generated increased interest in the effects of interventions that target the social disadvantage associated with early pregnancy and parenthood. A social disadvantage refers to social and economic difficulties such as poverty, unemployment, and discrimination, and is distributed unequally on the basis of soc io-demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, socio-economic position, educational level, and place of residence. (Anand, 2006) Being a teen parent not only affects the parent but it also affects the child. Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the country's high rate of teen pregnanci... ...ncouraged to finish school if at all possible. This will increase the chances of obtaining a good paying job. There are programs that help teenage mothers complete their curriculum and obtain their diploma such as home bound teaching, and online courses. It is also important for parents and community support to encourage these teens to set realistic goals for their life and give them something to look forward to. It is important for them to know that this is not the end of the world and that they can make it and go far with the love and support of their family. So many teens fall by the wayside because their families give up on them. This is one of the worst things that can be done to them. They are already afraid and feeling alone and when their support system pulls out from under them that can cause major problems for them and possibly the baby as well.